Health Mag - Reliable Health Information and Tips

Références bibliographiques :

A

Albin RL, Young AB, Penney JB. The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders. Trends Neurosci 1989 ; 12 (10) : 366–75.

Arnulf I, Bonnet AM, Damier P. Hallucinations, REM sleep, and Parkinson’s disease : a medical hypothesis. Neurology 2000 ; 55 (2) : 281–8.

Amarenco G. Troubles vésico-sphinctériens dans la maladie de Parkinson. In : La Maladie de Parkinson. Sous la direction d’André Rascol (eds). Acanthe, Masson, Paris, 1998 ; chapitre 5: 119-124.

Abrous DN, Koehl M, Le Moal M. Adult neurogenesis: from precursors to network and physiology. Physiol Rev. 2005; 85(2):523–69.

Antonini A, Odin P. Pros and cons of apomorphine and L-dopa continuous infusion in advanced Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism & related disorders. 2009; 15 (Suppl 4):S97–100.

Alim-Louis Benabid, Pollak P, Louveau A, Henry S, de Rougemont J. Combined (thalamotomy and stimulation) stereotactic surgery of the VIM thalamic nucleus for bilateral Parkinson disease. Appl Neurophysiol. 1987; 50(1-6):344-6.

B

Baldereschi M, Di Carlo A, Rocca WA, et al. Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism in a longitudinal study : two-fold higher incidence in men. ILSA Working Group. Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Neurology 2000 ; 55 : 1358–63.

Benito-Leon J, Bermejo-Pareja F, Morales-Gonzalez  JM, et al. Incidence of Parkinson disease and parkinsonism in three elderly populations of central Spain. Neurology 2004; 62 : 734–41.

Bezard E, et al. Absence of MPTP-induced neuronal death in mice lacking the dopamine transporter. Exp Neurol 1999;155:268–273.

Betarbet R, Sherer TB, McKenzie G, et al. Chronic systemic pesticide exposure reproduces features of Parkinson’s disease. Nat Neurosci 2000; 3 (12) : 1301–6.

Byers, B.; Cord, B.; Nguyen, H.N.; Schüle, B.; Fenno, L.; Lee, P.C.; Deisseroth, K.; Langston, J.W.; Pera, R.R.; Palmer, T.D. SNCA triplication Parkinson’s patient’s iPSC-derived DA neurons accumulate α-synuclein and are susceptible to oxidative stress. PLoS ONE 2011, 6, e26159.

Bartels, T.; Choi, J.G.; Selkoe, D.J. α-Synuclein occurs physiologically as a helically folded tetramer that resists aggregation. Nature 2011, 477, 107–110.

Ballard C, Piggott M, Johnson M et al. Delusions associated with elevated muscarinic -Boeve BF, Silber MH, Ferman TJ. Melatonin for treatment of REM sleep behavior disorder in neurologic disorders: results in 14 patients. Sleep medicine. 2003; 4(4):281–4.

Benjamin Dehay, Mathieu Bourdenx, Philippe Gorry, Serge Przedborski, Miquel Vila,  Stéphane Hunot, Andrew Singleton,  C Warren Olanow, Kalpana M Merchant,  Erwan Bezard,  Gregory A Petsko, Wassilios G Meissner. Targeting α-synuclein for treatment of Parkinson's disease: mechanistic and therapeutic considerations. THE Lancet Neurology 2015, 14(8), 55–866.

Bernal-Pacheco O, Oyama G, Foote KD, Dai YE, Wu SS, Jacobson CE 4th, Limotai N, Zeilman PR, Romrell J, Hwynn N, Rodriguez RL, Malaty IA, Okun MS. Taking a better history for behavioral issues pre- and post-deep brain stimulation: issues missed by standardized scales. Neuromodulation 2013; 16(1):35-9.

C

Crutcher MD, DeLong MR. Single cell studies of the primate putamen. I. Functional organization. Exp Brain Res 1984 ; 53 : 233–43.

Chen CC, Chen TF, Hwang YC, et al. Different prevalence rates of Parkinson’s disease in urban and rural areas : a population-based study in Taiwan. Neuroepidemiology 2009 ; 33 : 350–7.

Chartier-Harlin MC, Kachergus J, Roumier C. α-synuclein locus duplication as a cause of familial Parkinson’s disease. Lancet 2004 ; 364 (9440) : 1167–9.

Chan, T.; Chow, A.M.; Cheng, X.R.; Tang, D.W.; Brown, I.R.; Kerman, K. Oxidative stress effect of dopamine on α-synuclein: Electroanalysis of solvent interactions. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2012, 3, 569–574.

Cotman CW, Berchtoldb NC. Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity. Trends in Neurosciences. 2002; 25(6):295–301. 

D

Dubois B, Danze F, Pillon B, et al. Cholinergicdependent cognitive deficits in Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 1987 ; 22 : 26–30.

De Rijk MC, de Lau LML, Giesbergen P C L M, et al. Incidence of parkinsonism and Parkinson disease in a general population. The Rotterdam Study. Neurology 2004 ; 63 : 1240–4.

Donovan DM, et al. Cocaine reward and MPTP toxicity: alteration by regional variant dopamine transporter overexpression. Dev Brain Res 1999;73:37–49.

Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Molecular pathways of neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease. Science 2003 ; 302 (5646) : 819–22.

Double, K.L.; Ben-Shachar, D.; Youdim, M.B.; Zecca, L.; Riederer, P.; Gerlach, M. Influence of neuromelanin on oxidative pathways within the human substantia nigra. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 2002, 24, 621–628.

Diederich NJ, Goetz CG, Stebbins GT. Repeated visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease as disturbed external/internal perceptions: focused review and a new integrative model. Mov Disord 2005, 20: 130-140.    

Defebvre L. Manifestations cliniques. In Defebvre L et Vérin M (Eds), La maladie de Parkinson. Masson, Paris, 2006, 45-62.

De Gaspari D, Siri C, Landi A, et al. Clinical and neuropsychological follow up at 12 months in patients with complicated Parkinson’s disease treated with subcutaneous apomorphine infusion or deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. 2006; 77(4):450–3.

Deuschl G, Schade-Brittinger C, Krack P, et al. A randomized trial of deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease. The New England journal of medicine. 2006; 355(9):896–908.

Dobrossy MD, Nikkhah G. Role of experience, training, and plasticity in the functional efficacy of striatal transplants. Prog Brain Res. 2012; 200:303–28. 

E

Elbaz A, Bower JH, Maraganore DM, et al. Risk tables for parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease. J Clin Epidemiol 2002 ; 55 : 25–31.

F

Fall PA, Axelson O, Fredriksson M, et al. Agestandardized incidence and prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in a Swedish community. J Clin Epidemiol 1996 ; 49 : 637–41.

Fornstedt, B.; Brun, A.; Rosengren, E.; Carlsson, A. The apparent autoxidation rate of catechols in dopamine-rich regions of human brains increases with the degree of depigmentation of substantia nigra. J. Neural Transm. Park. Dis. Dement Sect. 1989, 1, 279–295.

Fernandez HH, Vanagunas A, Odin P, et al. Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in advanced Parkinson’s disease open-label study: interim results. Parkinsonism & related disorders. 2013; 19(3):339–45.

Fisher BE, Wu AD, Salem GJ, et al. The effect of exercise training in improving motor performance and corticomotor excitability in people with early Parkinson’s disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008; 89(7):1221–9.

G

Gibb WRG, Lees AJ. The relevance of Lewy body to the pathogenesis of  idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988  ;51 : 745–52.

Granieri E, Carreras M, Casetta I, et al. Parkinson’s disease in Ferrara, Italy, 1967 through 1987. Arch Neurol 1991 ; 48 : 854–7.

Galea-Debono A, Jenner P, Marsden CD, et al. Plasma DOPA levels and growth hormone response to levodopa in parkinsomism. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1977 ; 40 (2) : 162–7.

Giasson BI, Duda JE, Murray IV. Oxidative damage linked to neurodegeneration by selective alpha-synuclein nitration in synucleinopathy lesions. Science 2000 ; 290 (5493) : 985–9.

Ghosh, D.; Sahay, S.; Ranjan, P.; Salot, S.; Mohite, G.M.; Singh, P.K.; Dwivedi, S.; Carvalho, E.; Banerjee, R.; Kumar, A.; et al. The newly discovered Parkinson’s disease associated Finnish mutation (A53E) attenuates α-synuclein aggregation and membrane binding. Biochemistry 2014,53, 6419–6421.

George, J.M. The synucleins. Genome Biol. 2002, doi:10.1186/gb-2001-3-1 reviews3002.

Gaspar P, Duyckaerts C, Alvarez C, et al. Alterations of dopaminergic and noradrenergic innervations in motor cortex in Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 1991 ; 30 : 365–74.

Goldman JG, Holden S. Treatment of psychosis and dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Current treatment options in neurology. 2014; 16(3):281. 

H

Hirsch E, Graybiel AM, Agid YA. Melanized dopaminergic neurons are differentially susceptible to degeneration in Parkinson’s disease. Nature 1988 ; 334 : 345–8.

Hirsch EC, Mouatt A, Faucheux B. Dopamine, tremor, and Parkinson’s disease. Lancet 1992 ; 340 : 125–6.

Harnois C, Di Paolo T. Decreased dopamine in the retinas of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1990 ; 31 : 2473–5.

Hirsch EC, Damier P, Agid YA, et al. The substantia nigra of the human brain. II. Patterns of loss of dopamine containing neurons in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 1999 ; 122 (8) : 1437–48.

Hirsch EC, Agid YA, et al. The substantia nigra of the human brain. I. Nigrosomes and the nigral matrix, a compartmental organization based on calbindin D (28K) immunohistochemistry. Brain 1999 ; 122 (8) : 1421–36.

Hirsch EC, Gabriel AM, Duyckaerts C, et al. Neuronal loss in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in Parkinson disease and in progressive supranuclear palsy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987 ; 84 (16) : 5976–80.

Hoehn MM, Yahr MD. Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology 1967; 17: 427-442.

HAS. Guide parcours de soins maladie de Parkinson. Mise en ligne le 3/07/2014 sur http://www.has-sante.fr/portail/jcms/c_1242645/fr/ guide-parcours-de-soins-maladie-de-parkinson.

Hughes  AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, Lees AJ. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: a clinicopathological study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992;55:181–4.

J

Jenner, P.; Morris, H.R.; Robbins, T.W.; Goedert, M.; Hardy, J.; Ben-Shlomo, Y.; Bolam, P.;Burn, D.; Hindle, J.V.; Brooks, D. Parkinson’s disease: The debate on the clinical phenomenology,aetiology, pathology and pathogenesis. J. Parkinsons Dis. 2013, 3, 1–11.

Javitch JA, D’Amato RJ, Strittmatter SM, Snyder SH. Parkinsonisminducing neurotoxin, N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: uptake of the metabolite N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium by dopamine neurons explain selective toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985;82:2173–2177.

Jethva, P.N.; Kardani, J.R.; Roy, I. Modulation of α-synuclein aggregation by dopamine in the presence of MPTP and its metabolite. FEBS J. 2011, 278, 1688–1698.

K

Katzenschlager R, Evans A, Manson A, Patsalos PN, Ratnaraj N, Watt H, Timmermann L, Van der Giessen R, Lees AJ. Mucuna pruriens in Parkinson’s disease: a double blind clinical and pharmacological study, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2004; 75:1672-1677.

Klaidman LK, Adams Jr. JD, Leung AC, Kim SS, Cadenas E. Redox cycling of MPP1: evidence for a new mechanism involving hydride transfer with xanthine oxidase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and lipoamide dehydrogenase. Free Radic Biol Med 1993;15:169–179.

Kish SJ, Shannak HK, Hornykiewicz O. Uneven pattern of dopamine loss in the striatum of patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease pathophysiologic and clinical implications. N Engl J Med 1988 ; 318 : 876–80.

Kovacs GG, Kloppel S, Fischer I. Nucleus-specific alteration of raphe neurons in human neurodegenerative disorders. Neuroreport 2003 ; 14 (1) : 73–6.

Kanda, S.; Bishop, J.F.; Eglitis, M.A.; Yang, Y.; Mouradian, M.M. Enhanced viability to oxidative stress by α-synuclein mutations and C-terminal truncation. Neuroscience 2000, 97, 279–284.

L

Larsen, K.E.;Sulzer, D.; Bogulavsky, J.; Behr, G.; Karatekin, E.; Kleinman, M.H.; Turro, N.; Krantz, D.; Edwards, R.H.; Greene, L.A.; et al. Neuromelanin biosynthesis is driven by excess cytosolic catecholamines not accumulated by synaptic vesicles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97, 11869–11874.

Liang, C.L.; Nelson, O.; Yazdani, U.; Pasbakhsh, P.; German, D.C. Inverse relationship between the contents of neuromelanin pigment and the vesicular monoamine transporter-2: Human midbrain dopamine neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 2004, 473, 97–106.

Lotharius, J.; Brundin, P. Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease: Dopamine, vesicles and α-synuclein. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2002, 3, 932–942.

Lynd-Balta E, Haber SN. Primate striatonigral projections : a comparison of the sensorimotor-related striatum and the ventral striatum. J Comp Neurol 1994 ; 345 : 562–78.

Leenders KL, Salmon EP, Tyrrell P. The nigrostriatal dopaminergic system assessed in vivo by positron emission tomography in healthy volunteer subjects and patients with Parkinson’s disease. Arch Neurol 1990 ; 47 : 1290–8.

Liu J, Dong J, Wang L, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of antidepressants in Parkinson’s disease: a network meta-analysis. PloS one. 2013; 8(10):e76651.

Lara Lourenço Venda, Stephanie J. Cragg, Vladimir L. Buchman, Richard Wade-Martinsemail. α-Synuclein and dopamine at the crossroads of Parkinson's disease, Neurosciences 2010, 33 (12), 559–568.

Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ. Mechanisms of Parkinson's disease linked to pathological alpha-synuclein: new targets for drug discovery. Neuron. 2006 , 52(1), 33-8.

M

Morris A. D. James Parkinson. His life and times. F. Clifford-Rose, Brikhauser, Boston 1989.

Muangpaisan W, Hori H, Brayne C. Systematic review of the prevalence and incidence of Parkinson’s disease in Asia. J Epidemiol 2009 ; 19 : 281–93.

Mayer RA, Kindt MV, Heikkila RE. Prevention of the nigrostriatal toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine by inhibitors of 3,4- dihydroxyphenylethylamine transport. J Neurochem 1986;47:1073–1079.

Maries E, Dass B, Coller TJ, et al. The role of α-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease : insights from animal models. Nat Rev Neurosci 2003 ; 4 (9) : 727–38.

Mahul-Mellier, Khalaf, O.; Fauvet, B.; Oueslati, A.; Dikiy, I.; A.L.; Ruggeri, F.S.; Mbefo, M.; Vercruysse, F.; Dietler, G.; Lee, S.J.; et al. The H50Q mutation enhances α-synuclein aggregation, secretion and toxicity. J. Biol. Chem. 2014, 289, 21856–21876.

McCance-Katz EF, Marek KL, Price LH. Serotoninergic dysfunction in depression associated with Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1992 ; 42 :1813–4.

Madhavan, L.; Daley, B.F.; Sortwell, C.E.; Collier, T.J. Endogenous neural precursors influence grafted neural stem cells and contribute to neuroprotection in the parkinsonian rat. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2012, 35, Eur. J. Neurosci. 2012, 35, 883–895.

Marxreiter F, Regensburger M, Winkler J. Adult neurogenesis in Parkinson’s disease. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2013; 70(3):459–73.

Martinez-Martin P, Reddy P, Antonini A, et al. Chronic subcutaneous infusion therapy with apomorphine in advanced Parkinson’s disease compared to conventional therapy: a real life study of non motor effect. Journal of Parkinson’s disease. 2011; 1(2):197–203.

Maurage CA, Ruchoux MM, de Vos R et coll. Retinal involvement in dementia with Lewy bodies: a clue to hallucinations Ann Neurol 2003, 54: 542-547.

Ming, G.L.; Song, H. Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian central nervous system. Annu. Rev. Neurosci.2005, 28, 223–250.

Morgante L, Basile G, Epifanio A, et al. Continuous apomorphine infusion (CAI) and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease: a follow-up of two years. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics Supplement. 2004; (9):291–6.

Miquel Vila ; Serge Przedborski. Targeting programmed cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2003; 365-375

N

Norris EH, Giasson BI, Lee VM. α-synuclein : normal function and role in neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Top Dev Biol 2004 ; 60 : 17–54.

Nyholm D. Duodopa(R) treatment for advanced Parkinson’s disease: a review of efficacy and safety. Parkinsonism & related disorders. 2012; 18(8):916–29.

O

Oaks, A.W.; Marsh-Armstrong, N.; Jones, J.M.; Credle, J.J.; Sidhu, A. Synucleins antagonize endoplasmic reticulum function to modulate dopamine transporter trafficking. PLOS ONE 2013, 8, e70872.

Ozekmekci S, Apaydin H, Kilic E. Clinical features of 35 patients with Parkinson’s disease displaying REM behavior disorder. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery. 2005; 107(4):306–9.

P

PARKINSON J. An essay on the shaking palsy. Whittingham and Rowland, London 1817.

Perez F, Helmer C, Dartigues JF, et al. A 15-year population-based cohort study of the incidence of Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies in an elderly French cohort. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010 ; 81 (7) : 742–6.

Polymeropoulos MH, Lavedan C, Leroy E. Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson’s disease. Science 1997 ; 276 : 2045–7.

R

Rinne JO, Rumukainen J, Paljarvi L, et al. Dementia in Parkinson’s disease is related to neuronal loss in the medial substantia nigra. Ann Neurol 1989 ; 26 : 47–50.

Rampello L, Chiechio S, Raffaele R, et al. The SSRI, citalopram, improves bradykinesia in patients with Parkinson’s disease treated with L-dopa. Clin Neuropharmacol 2002 ; 25 : 21–4.

Rutherford, N.J.; Moore, B.D.; Golde, T.E.; Giasson, B.I. Divergent effects of the H50Q and G51D SNCA mutations on the aggregation of α-synuclein. J. Neurochem. 2014, 131, 859–867.

Rios Romenets S, Creti L, Fichten C, et al. Doxepin and cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in patients with Parkinson’s disease - a randomized study. Parkinsonism & related disorders. 2013; 19(7):670–5. 

S

Singleton AB, farrer M, Johnson J. α-synuclein locus triplication causes Parkinson’s disease. Science 2003 ; 302 (5646) : 841.

Swerdlow RH, Parks JK, Cassarino DS. Biochemical analysis of cybrids expressing mitochondrial DNA from Contursi kindred Parkinson’s subjects. Exp Neurol 2001 ; 169 (2) : 479–85.

Shamoto-Nagai, M.; Maruyama, W.; Yi, H.; Akao, Y.; Tribl, F.; Gerlach, M.; Osawa, T.; Riederer, P.; Naoi, M. Neuromelanin induces oxidative stress in mitochondria through release of iron: Mechanism behind the inhibition of 26S proteasome. J. Neural Transm. 2006, 113, 633–644.

Scatton B, Dennis T, L’Heureux R, et al. Degeneration of noradrenergic and serotoninergic but not dopaminergic neurones in the lumbar spinal cord of parkinsonian patients. Brain Res 1986 ; 380 : 181–5.

Singaram C, Ashraf W, Gaumnitz EA, et al. Dopaminergic defect of enteric nervous system in Parkinson’s disease patients with chronic constipation. Lancet 1995 ; 346 : 861–4.

Sakai K. Physiological properties and afferent connections of the locus coeruleus and adjacent tegmental neurons involved in the generation of paradoxical sleep in the cat. Prog Brain Res 1991 ; 88 : 31–45.

Schenck CH, Bundlie SR, Mahowald MW. Delayed emergence of a parkinsonian disorder in 38 % of 29 older men initially diagnosed with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Neurology 1996 ; 46 : 388–93.

Seppi K, Weintraub D, Coelho M, et al. The Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2011; 26 (Suppl 3):S42–80.

Sénard JM. Troubles tensionnels dans la maladie de Parkinson. In : La Maladie de Parkinson. Sous la direction d’André Rascol (eds). Acanthe, Masson, Paris, 1998 ; chapitre 5: 125-133.

Schenkman M, Hall DA, Baron AE, Schwartz RS, Mettler P, Kohrt WM. Exercise for People in Early- or Mid-Stage Parkinson Disease: A 16-Month Randomized Controlled Trial. Phys Ther. 2012; 92 (11):1395–410.

Shengli Xu , Piu Chan. Interaction between Neuromelanin and Alpha-Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease, Biomolecules 2015, 5, 1122-1142.

T

Tanner CM. Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Clin 1992 ; 10 : 317–29.

Tanner CM, Bernstein AL, et al. Incidence of Parkinson’s disease : variation by age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Am J Epidemiol 2003 ; 157 : 1015–22.

Thiruchelvam M, Richfield EK, Baggs RB, et al. The nigrostriatal dopaminergic system as a preferential target of repeated exposures to combined paraquat and maneb : implications for Parkinson’s disease. J Neurosci 2000 ; 20 : 9207–14.

Troeung L, Egan SJ, Gasson N. A meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled treatment trials for depression and anxiety in Parkinson’s disease. PloS one. 2013; 8(11):e79510.

V

Vidailhet M, Bonnet AM, Marconi R, et al. Do parkinsonian symptoms and levodopa-induced dyskinesias start in the foot ? Neurology 1994 ; 44 (9) : 1613–6.

Volkmann J, Albanese A, Antonini A, et al. Selecting deep brain stimulation or infusion therapies in advanced Parkinson’s disease: an evidence-based review. Journal of neurology. 2013; 260(11): 2701–14.

W

Whitehouse PJ. Clinical and neurochemical consequences of neuronal loss in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Adv Neurol 1987 ; 45 : 393–7.

Wang, W.; Perovic, I.; Chittuluru, J.; Kaganovich, A.; Nguyen, L.T.; Liao, J.; Auclair, J.R.; Johnson, D.; Landeru, A.; Simorellis, A.K.; et al. A soluble alpha-synuclein construct forms a dynamic tetramer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2011, 108, 17797–17802.

Wilms, H.; Rosenstiel, P.; Sievers, J.; Deuschl, G.; Zecca, L.; Lucius, R. Activation of microglia by human neuromelanin is NF-kappaB dependent and involves p38 mitogen activated protein kinase: Implications for Parkinson’s disease. FASEB J. 2003, 17, 500–502.

Wakamatsu, K.; Murase, T.; Zucca, F.A.; Zecca, L.; Ito, S. Biosynthetic pathway to neuromelanin and its aging process. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2012, 25, 792–803.

Weaver FM, Follett K, Stern M, et al. Bilateral deep brain stimulation vs best medical therapy for patients with advanced Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association. 2009; 301(1):63–73. 

Williams A, Gill S, Varma T, et al. Deep brain stimulation plus best medical therapy versus best medical therapy alone for advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD SURG trial): a randomised, openlabel trial. Lancet neurology. 2010; 9(6):581–91.

X

Xuan, Q.; Xu, S.L.; Lu, D.H.; Yu, S.; Zhou, M.; Uéda, K.; Cui, Y.Q.; Zhang, B.Y.; Chan, P. Increased expression of α-synuclein in aged human brain associated with neuromelanin accumulation. J. Neural Transm. 2011, 118, 1575–1583.

Y

Yan, J.Q.; Yuan, Y.H.; Gao, Y.N.; Huang, J.Y.; Ma, K.L.; Gao, Y.; Zhang, W.Q.; Guo, X.F.; Chen, N.H. Overexpression of human E46K mutant α-synuclein impairs macroautophagy via inactivation of JNK1-Bcl-2 pathway. Mol. Neurobiol. 2014, 50, 685–701.

Yu, S.; Zuo, X.; Li, Y.; Zhang, C.; Zhou, M.; Zhang, Y.A.; Uéda, K.; Chan, P. Inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in α-synuclein-transfected dopaminergic neuronal cells. Neurosci. Lett. 2004, 367, 34–39.

Z

Zhang ZX, Roman GC. Worlwilde occurrence of Parkinson’s disease : an updated review. Neuroepidemiology 1993 ; 12 : 195–208.

Zhang, N.Y.; Tang, Z.; Liu, C.W. α-Synuclein protofibrils inhibit 26 S proteasome-mediated protein degradation: Understanding the cytotoxicity of protein protofibrils in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283, 20288–20298.

Zucca, F.A.; Giaveri, G.; Gallorini, M.; Albertini, A.; Toscani, M.; Pezzoli, G.; Lucius, R.; Wilms, H.; Sulzer, D.; Ito, S.; et al. The neuromelanin of human substantia nigra: Physiological and pathogenic aspects. Pigment Cell Res. 2004, 17, 610–617.

Zecca, L.; Zucca, F.A.; Costi, P.; Tampellini, D.; Gatti, A.; Gerlach, M.; Riederer, P.; Fariello, R.G.; Ito, S.; Gallorini, M.; et al. The neuromelanin of human substantia nigra: Structure, synthesis and molecular behaviour. J. Neural Transm. Suppl. 2003, 65, 145–155.